1. Skeleton Like Mac Os Big Sur
2. Skeleton Like Mac Os X

Article

• Axial and visceral skeleton
  • The cranium
  • The facial bones and their complex functions
  • The spine
• The appendicular skeleton

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Human skeleton, the internal skeleton that serves as a framework for the body. This framework consists of many individual bones and cartilages. There also are bands of fibrous connective tissue—the ligaments and the tendons—in intimate relationship with the parts of the skeleton. This article is concerned primarily with the gross structure and the function of the skeleton of the normal human adult.

The human skeleton, like that of other vertebrates, consists of two principal subdivisions, each with origins distinct from the others and each presenting certain individual features. These are (1) the axial, comprising the vertebral column—the spine—and much of the skull, and (2) the appendicular, to which the pelvic (hip) and pectoral (shoulder) girdles and the bones and cartilages of the limbs belong. Discussed in this article as part of the axial skeleton is a third subdivision, the visceral, comprising the lower jaw, some elements of the upper jaw, and the branchial arches, including the hyoid bone.

When one considers the relation of these subdivisions of the skeleton to the soft parts of the human body—such as the nervous system, the digestive system, the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, and the voluntary muscles of the muscle system—it is clear that the functions of the skeleton are of three different types: support, protection, and motion. Of these functions, support is the most primitive and the oldest; likewise, the axial part of the skeleton was the first to evolve. The vertebral column, corresponding to the notochord in lower organisms, is the main support of the trunk.

The central nervous system lies largely within the axial skeleton, the brain being well protected by the cranium and the spinal cord by the vertebral column, by means of the bony neural arches (the arches of bone that encircle the spinal cord) and the intervening ligaments.

A distinctive characteristic of humans as compared with other mammals is erect posture. The human body is to some extent like a walking tower that moves on pillars, represented by the legs. Tremendous advantages have been gained from this erect posture, the chief among which has been the freeing of the arms for a great variety of uses. Nevertheless, erect posture has created a number of mechanical problems—in particular, weight bearing. These problems have had to be met by adaptations of the skeletal system.

Protection of the heart, lungs, and other organs and structures in the chest creates a problem somewhat different from that of the central nervous system. These organs, the function of which involves motion, expansion, and contraction, must have a flexible and elastic protective covering. Such a covering is provided by the bony thoracic basket, or rib cage, which forms the skeleton of the wall of the chest, or thorax. The connection of the ribs to the breastbone—the sternum—is in all cases a secondary one, brought about by the relatively pliable rib (costal) cartilages. The small joints between the ribs and the vertebrae permit a gliding motion of the ribs on the vertebrae during breathing and other activities. The motion is limited by the ligamentous attachments between ribs and vertebrae.

The third general function of the skeleton is that of motion. The great majority of the skeletal muscles are firmly anchored to the skeleton, usually to at least two bones and in some cases to many bones. Thus, the motions of the body and its parts, all the way from the lunge of the football player to the delicate manipulations of a handicraft artist or of the use of complicated instruments by a scientist, are made possible by separate and individual engineering arrangements between muscle and bone.

In this article the parts of the skeleton are described in terms of their sharing in these functions. The disorders and injuries that can affect the human skeleton are described in the article bone disease.

did you know?

• Teeth are not bones but are still part of the human skeletal system.
  
• While the adult human skeletal system includes 206 bones, the infantile skeletal system has many more, since not all of the bones have fused together yet.
  
• When humans moved into permanent settlements to farm, the human skeletal system weakened from the lack of rigorous exercise required for nomadic hunting and gathering.
  

Now that we have added an Electron skeleton app to our project it is time to integrate the Aurelia project into the Electron project so that we can build for the desktop.

Merge Aurelia => Electron

1. Open index.html in the editor from the project root
2. Add the following immediately before the <script src='cordova.js'></script> tag
   
3. Your index.html file should look like this

Push Aurelia => Electron

1. Open aurelia_project/tasks/copy-files.js in your editor
2. Change the code to the following. You can download the file here.

1. Open aurelia_project/aureia.json file in your editor
2. Change 'platforms/browser/www/cordova*.js': 'scripts' to ['scripts', 'app/scripts']
3. Change 'platforms/browser/www/plugins/**/*.js': 'scripts/plugins' to ['scripts/plugins' , 'app/scripts/plugins']
4. Your file should look like this

NOTE: As of this writing I have logged a feature request with the Aurelia CLI team to add this functionality to the Aurelia project. If it is picked up by the team and included in a release then you will not have to make this change to copy-files.js on new projects in the future!
We need to add two more files to the copy-files routine for Electron. We need the platforms/browser/www/config.xml and the cordova.js shim file from the root so that the Cordova browser platform can run inside the Electron app.

1. Open aurelia_project/aureia.json file in your editor
2. Add 'platforms/browser/www/config.xml': ['app'] to the copyFiles node
3. Add 'cordova.js': ['app'] to the copyFiles node
4. Your file should look like this

Next we want to to push the Aurelia 'post build' files to the Electron app directory.

Skeleton Like Mac Os Big Sur

1. Open aurelia_project/aureia.json file in your editor
2. Add 'app' to the pushFiles/targets node
3. Your file should look like this

Next we need to do a little housekeeping.

1. Open the .gitignore file and make the following changes
2. We are only interested in saving the app/main.js file and the app/package.json file. All other files and folders are dynamic and do not need to be stored in the source code repository.

Skeleton Like Mac Os X

1. Open a command prompt
2. Run command 'npm start'
3. The Electron app should open on your desktop
4. Have a look in dev tools. Notice that app has loaded the Cordova libraries and started Aurelia

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1. Open a command prompt
2. Run command 'npm run dist'
3. The compiler will build an installable for your local environment. This means an exe file for Windows machines or a dmg package for Macs.
4. The installable package is located in the dist directory.

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5. Go ahead and install it and then launch the app from the desktop.

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Now I will swing over to the Mac and test our build for the Apple platform.

1. Open a terminal in the project root
2. Run command 'npm run dist'
3. Look in the dist folder
4. Install the dmg and open the app
5. You should see the Cordova plugins load and the Aurelia app has started without any errors logged