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It is also called sha-bang, hashbang, pound-bang, or hash-pling. 7 When a text file with a shebang is used as if it is an executable in a Unix-like operating system, the program loader mechanism parses the rest of the file's initial line as an interpreter directive. MacOS Big Sur elevates the most advanced desktop operating system in the world to a new level of power and beauty. Experience Mac to the fullest with a refined new design. Enjoy the biggest Safari update ever. Discover new features for Maps and Messages. And get even more transparency around your privacy. Launch your fully equipped, free, music studio right from your Mac. With GarageBand, you get full control to make music the way you’re comfortable with. Having a guitar lets you plug in and use any amp of your choosing, or choose an instrument from the extensive library available. You choose your style and jam with the perfect drummer.

In computing, a shebang is the character sequence consisting of the characters number sign and exclamation mark (#!) at the beginning of a script. It is also called sha-bang,^[1][2]hashbang,^[3][4]pound-bang,^[5][6] or hash-pling.^[7]

When a text file with a shebang is used as if it is an executable in a Unix-like operating system, the program loader mechanism parses the rest of the file's initial line as an interpreter directive. The loader executes the specified interpreter program, passing to it as an argument the path that was initially used when attempting to run the script, so that the program may use the file as input data.^[8] For example, if a script is named with the path path/to/script, and it starts with the following line, #!/bin/sh, then the program loader is instructed to run the program /bin/sh, passing path/to/script as the first argument.In Linux, this behavior is the result of both kernel and user-space code.^[9]

The shebang line is usually ignored by the interpreter, because the '#' character is a comment marker in many scripting languages; some language interpreters that do not use the hash mark to begin comments still may ignore the shebang line in recognition of its purpose.^[10]

Syntax[edit]

The form of a shebang interpreter directive is as follows:^[8]

in which interpreter is an absolute path to an executable program.

The optional argument is a string representing a single argument. White space after #! is optional.

In Linux, the file specified by interpreter can be executed if it has the execute right and contains code which the kernel can execute directly, if it has a wrapper defined for it via sysctl (such as for executing Microsoft .exe binaries using wine), or if it contains a shebang. On Linux and Minix, an interpreter can also be a script. A chain of shebangs and wrappers yields a directly executable file that gets the encountered scripts as parameters in reverse order. For example, if file /bin/A is an executable file in ELF format, file /bin/B contains the shebang #!/bin/A optparam, and file /bin/C contains the shebang #!/bin/B, then executing file /bin/C resolves to /bin/B /bin/C, which finally resolves to /bin/A optparam /bin/B /bin/C.

In Solaris- and Darwin-derived operating systems (such as macOS), the file specified by interpreter must be an executable binary and cannot itself be a script.^[11]

Examples[edit]

Some typical shebang lines:

• #!/bin/sh – Execute the file using the Bourne shell, or a compatible shell, assumed to be in the /bin directory
• #!/bin/bash – Execute the file using the Bash shell
• #!/usr/bin/env python3 – Execute with a Python interpreter, using the env program search path to find it
• #!/bin/false – Do nothing, but return a non-zero exit status, indicating failure. Used to prevent stand-alone execution of a script file intended for execution in a specific context, such as by the . command from sh/bash, source from csh/tcsh, or as a .profile, .cshrc, or .login file.

Shebang lines may include specific options that are passed to the interpreter. However, implementations vary in the parsing behavior of options; for portability, only one option should be specified without any embedded whitespace. Further portability guidelines are found below.

Purpose[edit]

Interpreter directives allow scripts and data files to be used as commands, hiding the details of their implementation from users and other programs, by removing the need to prefix scripts with their interpreter on the command line.

A Bourne shell script that is identified by the path some/path/to/foo, has the initial line,

and is executed with parameters bar and baz as

provides a similar result as having actually executed the following command line instead:

If /bin/sh specifies the Bourne shell, then the end result is that all of the shell commands in the file some/path/to/foo are executed with the positional variables $1 and $2 having the values bar and baz, respectively. Also, because the initial number sign is the character used to introduce comments in the Bourne shell language (and in the languages understood by many other interpreters), the whole shebang line is ignored by the interpreter.

However, it is up to the interpreter to ignore the shebang line; thus, a script consisting of the following two lines simply echos both lines to standard output when run:

Strengths[edit]

When compared to the use of global association lists between file extensions and the interpreting applications, the interpreter directive method allows users to use interpreters not known at a global system level, and without administrator rights. It also allows specific selection of interpreter, without overloading the filename extensionnamespace (where one file extension refers to more than one file type), and allows the implementation language of a script to be changed without changing its invocation syntax by other programs. Invokers of the script need not know what the implementation language is as the script itself is responsible for specifying the interpreter to use.

Portability[edit]

Program location[edit]

Shebangs must specify absolute paths (or paths relative to current working directory) to system executables; this can cause problems on systems that have a non-standard file system layout. Even when systems have fairly standard paths, it is quite possible for variants of the same operating system to have different locations for the desired interpreter. Python, for example, might be in /usr/bin/python3, /usr/local/bin/python3, or even something like /home/username/bin/python3 if installed by an ordinary user.

A similar problem exists for the POSIX shell, since POSIX only required its name to be sh, but did not mandate a path. A common value is /bin/sh, but some systems such as Solaris have the POSIX-compatible shell at /usr/xpg4/bin/sh.^[12] In many Linux systems, /bin/sh is a hard or symbolic link to /bin/bash, the Bourne Again shell (BASH). Using bash-specific syntax while maintaining a shebang pointing to sh is also not portable.^[13]

Because of this it is sometimes required to edit the shebang line after copying a script from one computer to another because the path that was coded into the script may not apply on a new machine, depending on the consistency in past convention of placement of the interpreter. For this reason and because POSIX does not standardize path names, POSIX does not standardize the feature.^[14] The GNUAutoconf tool can test for system support with the macro AC_SYS_INTERPRETER.^[15]

Often, the program /usr/bin/env can be used to circumvent this limitation by introducing a level of indirection. #! is followed by /usr/bin/env, followed by the desired command without full path, as in this example:

This mostly works because the path /usr/bin/env is commonly used for the env utility,and it invokes the first sh found in the user's $PATH, typically /bin/sh.

This still has some portability issues with OpenServer 5.0.6 and Unicos 9.0.2 which have only /bin/env and no /usr/bin/env.

Character interpretation[edit]

Another portability problem is the interpretation of the command arguments.Some systems, including Linux, do not split up the arguments;^[16] for example, when running the script with the first line like,

all text after the first space is treated as a single argument, that is, python3 -c will be passed as one argument to /usr/bin/env, rather than two arguments. Cygwin also behaves this way.

Complex interpreter invocations are possible through the use of an additional wrapper. FreeBSD 6.0 (2005) introduced a -S option to its env as it changed the shebang-reading behavior to non-splitting. This option tells env to split the string itself.^[17] The GNU env utility since coreutils 8.30 (2018) also includes this feature.^[18] Although using this option mitigates the portability issue on the kernel end with splitting, it adds the requirement that env supports this particular extension.

Another problem is scripts containing a carriage return character immediately after the shebang line, perhaps as a result of being edited on a system that uses DOS line breaks, such as Microsoft Windows. Some systems interpret the carriage return character as part of the interpreter command, resulting in an error message.^[19]

Magic number[edit]

The shebang is actually a human-readable instance of a magic number in the executable file, the magic byte string being 0x23 0x21, the two-character encoding in ASCII of #!. This magic number is detected by the 'exec' family of functions, which determine whether a file is a script or an executable binary. The presence of the shebang will result in the execution of the specified executable, usually an interpreter for the script's language. It has been claimed^[20] that some old versions of Unix expect the normal shebang to be followed by a space and a slash (#! /), but this appears to be untrue;^[21] rather, blanks after the shebang have traditionally been allowed, and sometimes documented with a space (see the 1980 email in history section below).

The shebang characters are represented by the same two bytes in extended ASCII encodings, including UTF-8, which is commonly used for scripts and other text files on current Unix-like systems. However, UTF-8 files may begin with the optional byte order mark (BOM); if the 'exec' function specifically detects the bytes 0x23 and 0x21, then the presence of the BOM (0xEF 0xBB 0xBF) before the shebang will prevent the script interpreter from being executed. Some authorities recommend against using the byte order mark in POSIX (Unix-like) scripts,^[22] for this reason and for wider interoperability and philosophical concerns. Additionally, a byte order mark is not necessary in UTF-8, as that encoding does not have endianness issues; it serves only to identify the encoding as UTF-8.

Etymology[edit]

An executable file starting with an interpreter directive is simply called a script, often prefaced with the name or general classification of the intended interpreter. The name shebang for the distinctive two characters may have come from an inexact contraction of or haSH bang, referring to the two typical Unix names for them. Another theory on the sh in shebang is that it is from the default shell sh, usually invoked with shebang.^[23] This usage was current by December 1989,^[24] and probably earlier.

History[edit]

The shebang was introduced by Dennis Ritchie between Edition 7 and 8 at Bell Laboratories. It was also added to the BSD releases from Berkeley's Computer Science Research (present at 2.8BSD^[25] and activated by default by 4.2BSD). As AT&T Bell Laboratories Edition 8 Unix, and later editions, were not released to the public, the first widely known appearance of this feature was on BSD.

The lack of an interpreter directive, but support for shell scripts, is apparent in the documentation from Version 7 Unix in 1979,^[26] which describes instead a facility of the Bourne shell where files with execute permission would be handled specially by the shell, which would (sometimes depending on initial characters in the script, such as ':' or '#') spawn a subshell which would interpret and run the commands contained in the file. In this model, scripts would only behave as other commands if called from within a Bourne shell. An attempt to directly execute such a file via the operating system's own exec() system trap would fail, preventing scripts from behaving uniformly as normal system commands.

In later versions of Unix-like systems, this inconsistency was removed. Dennis Ritchie introduced kernel support for interpreter directives in January 1980, for Version 8 Unix, with the following description:^[25]

The feature's creator didn't give it a name, however:^[27]

Kernel support for interpreter directives spread to other versions of Unix, and one modern implementation can be seen in the Linux kernel source in fs/binfmt_script.c.^[28]

This mechanism allows scripts to be used in virtually any context normal compiled programs can be, including as full system programs, and even as interpreters of other scripts. As a caveat, though, some early versions of kernel support limited the length of the interpreter directive to roughly 32 characters (just 16 in its first implementation), would fail to split the interpreter name from any parameters in the directive, or had other quirks. Additionally, some modern systems allow the entire mechanism to be constrained or disabled for security purposes (for example, set-user-id support has been disabled for scripts on many systems).

Note that, even in systems with full kernel support for the #!magic number, some scripts lacking interpreter directives (although usually still requiring execute permission) are still runnable by virtue of the legacy script handling of the Bourne shell, still present in many of its modern descendants. Scripts are then interpreted by the user's default shell.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'Advanced Bash Scripting Guide: Chapter 2. Starting Off With a Sha-Bang'. Archived from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
2. ^Cooper, Mendel (5 November 2010). Advanced Bash Scripting Guide 5.3 Volume 1. lulu.com. p. 5. ISBN978-1-4357-5218-4.
3. ^MacDonald, Matthew (2011). HTML5: The Missing Manual. Sebastopol, California: O'Reilly Media. p. 373. ISBN978-1-4493-0239-9.
4. ^Lutz, Mark (September 2009). Learning Python (4th ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 48. ISBN978-0-596-15806-4.
5. ^Guelich, Gundavaram and Birznieks, Scott, Shishir and Gunther (29 July 2000). CGI Programming with PERL (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 358. ISBN978-1-56592-419-2.
6. ^Lie Hetland, Magnus (4 October 2005). Beginning Python: From Novice to Professional. Apress. p. 21. ISBN978-1-59059-519-0.
7. ^Schitka, John (24 December 2002). Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification. Course Technology. p. 353. ISBN978-0-619-13004-6.
8. ^ ^ab'execve(2) - Linux man page'. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
9. ^Corbet, Jonathan. 'The case of the supersized shebang'. LWN.net.
10. ^'SRFI 22'.
11. ^https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45444823/python3-shebang-line-not-working-as-expected
12. ^'The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7'. 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
13. ^'pixelbeat.org: Common shell script mistakes'. It's much better to test scripts directly in a POSIX compliant shell if possible. The `bash --posix` option doesn't suffice as it still accepts some 'bashisms'
14. ^'Chapter 2. Shell Command Language', The Open Group Base Specifications (IEEE Std 1003.1-2017) (Issue 7 ed.), IEEE, 2018 [2008], If the first line of a file of shell commands starts with the characters '#!', the results are unspecified.
15. ^Autoconf, Free Software Foundation, Macro: AC_SYS_INTERPRETER: Check whether the system supports starting scripts with a line of the form ‘#!/bin/sh’ to select the interpreter to use for the script.
16. ^'/usr/bin/env behaviour'. Mail-index.netbsd.org. 9 November 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
17. ^env(1) – FreeBSD General Commands Manual
18. ^'env invocation'. GNU Coreutils. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
19. ^'Carriage Return causes bash to fail'. 8 November 2013.
20. ^'GNU Autoconf Manual v2.57, Chapter 10: Portable Shell Programming'. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
21. ^'The #! magic, details about the shebang/hash-bang mechanism on various Unix flavours'. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
22. ^'FAQ - UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32 & BOM: Can a UTF-8 data stream contain the BOM character (in UTF-8 form)? If yes, then can I still assume the remaining UTF-8 bytes are in big-endian order?'. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
23. ^'Jargon File entry for shebang'. Catb.org. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
24. ^Wall, Larry. 'Perl didn't grok setuid scripts that had a space on the first line between the shebang and the interpreter name'. USENET.
25. ^ ^ab'CSRG Archive CD-ROMs'.
26. ^UNIX TIME-SHARING SYSTEM: UNIX PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL(PDF), 2A (Seventh ed.), January 1979
27. ^Richie, Dennis. 'Dennis Ritchie and Hash-Bang'. Talisman.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
28. ^Rubini, Alessandro (31 December 1997). 'Playing with Binary Formats'. Linux Journal. Retrieved 1 January 2015.

External links[edit]

• #! - the Unix truth as far as I know it (a more generic approach)

It is a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game that is exclusively designed for mobile phones. It is developed and published by Shanghai Moonton Technology that became worldwide popular that became medal event at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games. Team up with your friends or other players to stream the game of Mobile Legends: Bang Bang that requires two teams to enter into the field and complete your mission. Gather some information about your opponents to reach and destroy the enemy base.
The Mobile Legend game is at present one of best online games that is easy to download platform for faster accessibility of your favorite games. It is available to stream live on PC for free, sideways with additional PC games. Enjoy playing this game on your PC that is one of the most popular multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) in Southeast Asia after League of Legends which was designed only for Android and iOS smartphones and tablets.

Contents

How to get it to play this Game on PC and Mac?

Hope you got an idea why it is known as the most popular multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game in Southeast Asia. Let’s check for the compatible platforms on which it is readily available to stream live for free! Though it is similar to PC League of Legends the previous version of Android game it’s high time to access its latest version that is also free to stream on different devices built with Android, iOS, and even work on SmartPhones and Tablets.

All you have to do is get the latest version of game app that is available for free and allows you to download and install it on your favorite device. You can also get this android game emulator from Google play store. The other android emulators which best support this game app are Nox, MEmu, KoPlayer…etc which are compatible to play this game on any Windows7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10/XP/Vista or Mac OS for better entertainment.

Step by Step Guide to Download and Install BlueStacks to Play this Game:

1. The user needs to choose the one to Download, Install and Run the Emulator.
2. Next in single set up time install the Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Apk from the Google Play Store.
3. Once successfully installed, launch and play the game from the App Library!

Here are few Tips and Tricks to stream this amazing game on PC:
Every play or game has its own set of characters where there is a hero on one side and evil monsters on the other side. However it is important to take a note of each character by the following:

1. Power: Get the info about your favorite character and that which is most powerful among all and then build a strong team that features Marksmen, Assassins, Mages, Tanks, Supports and other characters. Grasp its power to defeat your opponent and gain unbeatable experience in the battlefield.
2. Storyline: It is the most important aspect of any game that curates interest in players to play the game on any of their device. Hands on the classic maps that help you enter and move around. Look around for your enemies and get involved in breathtaking battles as you progress to fight and declare yourself become hero of this game.
3. Know your Opponents: To win any battle in the field it is very important that you know the capabilities of your chosen character and opponents, their strengths and weaknesses to handle them effectively with your own skills and applied strategies. Coordinate with your team members during team fights and focus on destroying the towers than kill your enemies.
4. Transformation: Get transformed into your favorite character to use its power on your opponent that will help you defeat your enemy in the battlefield with effective communication with your teammates.

Tips to access Bluestack App to play this game on your PC
To access any android game it is highly essential that the player access an Android Emulator. The BlueStack software is high on demand to access such android games to gain better android gaming experience on PC or Mac through their latest version of game app which is free. You can get BlueStack App from Google Play Store with stable internet connection.

Why choose Bluestacks to play this amazing game?

Well there are number of advantages playing this amazing game on BlueStacks than when you are playing it on your mobile device or any other emulators. BlueStack gives you flexibility to play this game by pressing multiple buttons at once which you don’t get while playing on a mobile device. Each button with different abilities helps the player or hero to move on screen and play his action role. Get into desired action pressing all the buttons simultaneously without the need of locking the screen to tap with your fingers.

BlueStack gives you more space and helps you keep an eye on the minimap easily so that you can track everything in your lane and move forward with competitive spirit. Share the screen space with all your team mates and bring collaboration with one another to trace the enemy who is weak and defeat or kill him along with your teammates. The BlueStack App is easy to download and install on any technology device.

BlueStack offers higher rate of performance which is unbeatable to offer you better experience than other mobile devices. Hence downloads its latest apk and install to stream live all the android games that are full of fun and entertainment. Build a strong team by teaming your friends and execute the task with multiple buttons at once that ease as one click control to stream the game play.

Bluestacks offers best settings options to set your own key binds and controls. When the player first boots up Mobile Legends, he can choose between two presets namely MOBA mode and WASD mode. The MOBA mode when clicked helps him to move on the screen whereas the WASD mode is functional with only WASD keys. Therefore customize your key binds clicking on keyboard controls of UI listed on the bottom of the screen.
As you get into the action of this MOBA game choose your favorite heroes and transform yourself into their character and team up your friends to act as heroes and save your own base from the attack of your opponents and destroy their base to win the game. Enjoy the 10 second matchmaking and 10 minute battle having full control on your path with ease of maps with three lanes on top, middle and bottom which connects the bases. Choose the array of weapons and defense mechanism to dominate your enemy and defeat them with unity. While playing the game receive 2 chests that contains emblems, hero tickets and battle points which state who won the game.

Step by Step Guide to download this game for Android and iOS platforms:

There are hundreds to thousands of players worldwide who love to play this game via Android Emulators. Use it to stream any android game or app to directly get connected to Twitch.tv network. Mobile Legends has gained immense popularity as one of the most popular mobile MOBA game in the world that is developed and published by Moonton studio. Please find the system requirements mentioned below to run the game on Android and IOS platforms:

For Android: Any player can best stream the play when they have stable internet connection. The Android device must meet the following system requirements such as it should be compatible with Android 4.0.3 version or later, possess 1 GB RAM, requires 1.7 GB storage to install all the game components, as the real size of the game is much more than 95Mb as is shown on Google Play Store.

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For iOS: Well to stream on iOS platform the user should access strong and stable network of internet connection as this game is effective to run on 9.0 versions or later and requires 1 GB RAM and 1.7 GB for storage of all game components. It is free to download and fine to run on iPhone 5, iPhone 5C and many more. Make a note that this iOS version is not worth to work on iPhone 4S or any other iOS device which contains less than 1 GB of RAM.

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How is BlueStack compatible for other OS to stream this Game?
With over 1.5 million users from all across the globe BlueStack allows the users to access more than 500, 000 games on the platforms of HTML5, PC, Mac, Android and Flash. However the system requirements for each of them differ. Here is our effort to help you gain knowledge as how much compatible is this Android Emulator to use on other OS devices for playing this Mobile legend game.

It allows users to play the game with multi tasking abilities, play stream and watch the game directly on Twitch TV and also access non game apps all for free. The system should best support 2 GB of RAM; its main memory should offer 4 GB of disk space to direct launch on 9.0 android versions and get in installed on .NET framework with 3.5 SP3 versions or even higher than it. Enjoy hassle free entertainment through BlueStack if your chosen device meets the following above mentioned system requirements.

BlueStack alternatives to play this Game

Check out these BlueStack alternatives to run on your device that meet the concept of Android Emulators to stream the game play. Despite SmartPhones getting cheaper, still the video game enthusiasts wish to run the Android apps on their laptops or desktop devices. It is one of the best Android Emulators that is worldwide popular that allowed the users to access its apk or android apps on any of the Windows PC and MacOS. Though it lacks the developer oriented features in the software here are few alternatives that can meet your game needs appropriately. You can best try any one of these android emulators:

1. Remix OS Player: It is full fletched OS replacement to stream android games. It is free Android Emulator to download for Windows PC with Android 6.0 Marshallow. It is more stable than BlueStacks that has tons of features.
2. Nox Player: It offers plethora of options and is very compatible to download for Windows and Mac OS. It is free android emulator that allows the user to access user friendly interface that best runs with Android Lollipop 5.1.1 version and sports the material UI.
3. MEmu Play: It is great free android emulator that is available to download with plethora of developer oriented features which best supports both Intel and AMD CPUs. It is also compatible with Android JellyBean 4.2, KitKat 4.4 and Lollipop 5.0 versions.
4. KoPlayer: It is an android emulator which is not heard by many but is designed to optimize any android game play. It is primarily focused on mobile gaming and is based on Android KitKat 4.4 version. It is worthy alternative to BlueStacks that allows user to access keymapping to emulate a controller when using Keyboard of Windows PC. It is free to download for Windows PC and Mac OS.
5. Andy: It is an android emulator that was launched at the same time as BlueStack was released. This software is the only competitor of BlueStack that is still going strong that is based on Android Jelly Bean 4.2.2 version. Built with neat and clean UI it is free to download for Windows and Mac OS.

FAQs:

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1. How is BlueStack App player compatible to play Android games?
   BlueStack App player is an Android Emulator that is especially designed to offer hassle free gaming experience to the users who love to stream Android games on their PC, Mac/iOS or OS devices. Developed and published by Shanghai Moonton Technology this gaming tool is very much compatible to play Mobile Legends with stable internet connection.
2. List other alternatives of BlueStack to play the game of Mobile Legends?
   The top five alternatives which meet the system requirements to better stream this Mobile Legend game on any Android, iOS/Mac, Windows PC or OS device are KoPlayer, Andy, Nox player, Remix OS Player and MEmu Play.
3. Is it possible to switch from iOS to Android using BlueStack?
   It is very difficult to merge two OS accounts to play the Mobile Legend game that is multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game designed to play android games on mobile phones that best supports Android Emulators to play on mobile phones.
4. Why choose BlueStack App Player for android games?
   This app is free to download, install and run on your favorite Android applications directly on your windows system such as Twitch.tv network.
5. Is it possible to record Mobile Legends game play on Android, PC, Mac or iOS device?ML: Bang Bang is an multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game that is played by teams which consists of 5 members who need to destroy their enemy base to protect their own base from the attack of opponents. You can access
   • Apowersoft iPhone/iPad recorder that is best for iOS users
   • Apowersoft Screen recorder that is best for Android users